Nutrition, Diet, Health, Medicine

Continuing on the reference. building … interesting insights emerging.  Lots of fad diets, some kernels of truth, lots of confusion, lots of marketing. lots to sort out. Somewhere along the development,  the connection between inputs and outcomes will become much clearer. Especially if one really isn’t in the huckstering business.

Some sources to consider:

Agatston, A. (2005). The South Beach diet: The delicious, doctor-designed, foolproof plan for fast and healthy weight loss. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.
Atkins, R. C. (2002). Dr. Atkins’ new diet revolution. New York: M. Evans.
Bijlefeld, M., & Zoumbaris, S. K. (2015). Encyclopedia of diet fads: Understanding science and society (Second edition). Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC.

Bullmore, E. T. (2019). The inflamed mind: A radical new approach to depression (First U.S. edition). New York: Picador.

CRUMPTON, M. J., & DEDMAN, J. R. (1990). Protein terminology tangle. Nature, 345(6272), 212–212. https://doi.org/10.1038/345212a0

Cummings, J. H., & Stephen, A. M. (2007). Carbohydrate terminology and classification. European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 61, S5.

DiNicolantonio, J., & Mercola, J. (2018). Super fuel: Ketogenic keys to unlock the secrets of good fats, bad fats, and great health (1st edition). Carlsbad, California: Hay House Inc.

Freeman, J. M., & Freeman, J. M. (Eds.). (2007). The ketogenic diet: A treatment for children and others with epilepsy (4th ed). New York: Demos : Distributed to the trade by Publishers Group West.

Gioffre, D., & Ripa, K. (2018). Get off your acid: 7 steps in 7 days to lose weight, fight inflammation and reclaim your health and energy (First edition). New York, NY: Da Capo.

Goff, S. L., Foody, J. M., Inzucchi, S., Katz, D., Mayne, S. T., & Krumholz, H. M. (2006). BRIEF REPORT: Nutrition and weight loss information in a popular diet book: is it fact, fiction, or something in between? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(7), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00501.x

Gudzune, K. A., Doshi, R. S., Mehta, A. K., Chaudhry, Z. W., Jacobs, D. K., Vakil, R. M., … Clark, J. M. (2015). Efficacy of Commercial Weight-Loss Programs: An Updated Systematic Review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(7), 501. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2238

Ouzounis, C. A., Coulson, R. M. R., Enright, A. J., Kunin, V., & Pereira-Leal, J. B. (2003). Classification schemes for protein structure and function. Nature Reviews Genetics, 4(7), 508–519. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1113

Pritikin, N., & MacGrady, P. M. (1979). The Pritikin program for diet and exercise. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.

Rahfeld, P., Sim, L., Moon, H., Constantinescu, I., Morgan-Lang, C., Hallam, S. J., … Withers, S. G. (2019). An enzymatic pathway in the human gut microbiome that converts A to universal O type blood. Nature Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0469-7

Want to avoid lung cancer?

Listen. … Just don’t smoke to start with … No one can guarantee what happens … but, if you smoke you triple your risk over people who never smoked …

Framingham Heart Study researchers find that former smokers who quit smoking 25 or more years ago still have three times as much risk of developing lung cancer compared to people who have never smoked.

from the Framingham Heart Study highlights

Did IBM Watson Overpromise on AI Health Care?

Eliza Strickland has an opinion 

IBM Watson’s foundations  certainly had and still have a lot of promise!  Perhaps a more thorough ‘lessons learned’  is on order.

(web article states  article appears in the April 2019 print issue as “IBM Watson, Heal Thyself.”)

What connects all these clues?

Really, if you had to link all these, what would YOU come up with …   it turns our that all these are linked via George Gilder’s brain and imagination of   in his “Life After Google: The Fall of Big Data and the Rise of the Blockchain Economy “  (more details here)

(rank / xx / subject)

1          60        The System of The World

83        36        Artificial Intelligence

84        36        Machine Learning

88        35        Data Centers

92        34        Information Theory

117      28        Virtual Reality

118      28        Von Neumann

130      26        Computer Science

171      23        Human Beings

193      22        Smart Contracts

230      19        Larry Page

315      16        Open Source

316      16        Peter Thiel

320      16        The Dalles

407      14        Vitalik Buterin

421      13        Billion Dollars

422      13        Deep Learning

437      13        Markov Models

479      12        Brendan Eich

483      12        Central Banks

485      12        Data Centers

486      12        Elon Musk

497      12        Marc Andreessen

508      12        Private Keys

510      12        Public Keys

512      12        Search Engines

517      12        Speed Of Light

526      12        The Machine

553      11        Bell’s Law

558      11        Craig Wright

567      11        Human Intelligence

577      11        Muneeb Ali

578      11        New York Times

592      11        The Real World

614      11        Time and Space

643      10        Cloud Computing

651      10        Economic Growth

670      10        Jaron Lanier

673      10        Market Cap

677      10        Neal Stephenson

678      10        Nick Stab

691      10        Property Rights

834      9          Satoshi Nakamoto

869      9          Venture Capitalists

906      8          Bitcoin Blockchain

918      8          Eric Schmidt

919      8          Face Recognition

932      8          Google Brain

933      8          The Great Unbundling

934      8          The Ground State

945      8          Internet Architecture

960      8          Low Entropy

982      8          Princeton University

94        8          Scarcity Of Time

1024    8          Thiel Fellowship

1162    7          Hidden Markov Models

1163    7          High Entropy

1166    7          Human Brains

1167    7          Human History

1168    7          Human Minds

1184    7          Information Economy

1185    7          Information Technology

1242    7          Private Keys

1246    7          Ray Kurzweil

1253    7          Self Driving Cars

1254    7          Sergey Brin

1286    7          The Great Unbundling

1324    7          Turing Machine

1412    6          Bill Dally

1424    6          Charles Sanders Peirce

1445    6          Economic Activity

1544    6          Lambda Labs

1547    6          Leemon Baird

1639    6          Stephen Balaban

1739    6          Walled Gardens

1887    5          Being Human

1894    5          Bitcoin Maximalists

1898    5          Blockchain Technology

1977    5          Free Will

2001    5          Hal Finney

2019    5          Human Consciousness

2078    5          Kurt Gödel

2099    5          Mathematical Logic

2100    5          Mathematics of Creativity

Beyond the Usual AI and Machine Intelligence

Added  material to  the

Beyond the Usual –  Principal Texts & Papers

the Beyond topics

1. George Gilder –Life After Google: The Fall of Big Data and the Rise of the Blockchain Economy – worth reading to obtain additional perspectives. Some may be right, some may be wrong. Definitely technologically provocative. Will Google/Alphabet last?Do you know about the Dalles? You should. My first clue was through the book …OK … find out more about Google’s Data Centers. Find out more about other pieces worth knowing.

the Artificial and Machine Intelligence related topics

1. Gelernter, D. (2016). The tides of mind: Uncovering the spectrum of consciousness. WW Norton & Company.
2. Marquis, P., Papini, O., & Prade, H. (2014). Some Elements for a Prehistory of Artificial Intelligence in the Last Four Centuries. ECAI.
3. Scheutz, M. (Ed.). (2002). Computationalism: new directions. MIT Press.
4. Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach.
   This is an updated edition of the 2010 version containing extensive current references. [note the book is getting hard to find sometimes due to demand, and its being the definitive AI textbook. Check the edition you are using/getting]
5. Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (2018). Reinforcement learning: An introduction. MIT Press. This is an updated (2nd) edition of the 1998 version
6. Nilsson, N. J., & Nilsson, N. J. (1998). Artificial intelligence: a new synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann.
7. Poole, D. L., Mackworth, A. K., & Goebel, R. (1998). Computational intelligence: a logical approach (Vol. 1). New York: Oxford University Press.
   see also Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents 2nd Edition by the same authors.
8. Pratt, V. (1987). Thinking Machines—The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. – this is a general history of earlier machines … great reference to get historical insights not easily obtained elsewhere.
9. Turing, A. M. (1948). Intelligent machinery. NPL. Mathematics Division. See also, Turing, A. (2004). Intelligent machinery (1948). The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life plus The Secrets of Enigma B. Jack Copeland, 395 which provides context and pointers to additional Turing resources.
10. B. Jack Copeland (2004), Computability: Turing, Gödel, Church, and Beyond, The MIT Press.

Hard(er) Core Science Fiction and Speculative Fiction works

1. 1. John C. Wright’s Count to the Eschaton series is worth reading … provides interesting glimpse into a possible (far) future. It’s also fun to read … so good ideas and an interesting, universe spanning plot.
   • Count to a Trillion
   • The Hermetic Millennia
   • The Judge of Ages
   • Architect of Aeons
   • The Vindication of Man
   • Count to Infinity

Stanley & Lehman – Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned

Fascinating insights by Computer Science / Artificial Intelligence profs …

https://amzn.to/2DlhLnX

some have summarized their insights by writing: “only by doing activities that fulfill our curiosity without any pre-defined objectives, true creativity can be unleashed. They call this the ‘Myth of the Objective’: Objectives are well and good when they are sufficiently modest … In fact, objectives actually become obstacles towards more exciting achievements, like those involving discovery, creativity, invention, or innovation—or even achieving true happiness… the truest path to “blue sky” discovery or to fulfill boundless ambition, is to have no objective at all.”

some of Stanley’s and Lehmans insights:

 

• “The flash of insight is seeing the bridge to the next stepping stone by building from the old ones. ”

 

• “[Picbreeder] is just one example of a fascinating class of phenomena that we might call non-objective search processes, or perhaps stepping stone collectors. The prolific creativity of these kinds of processes is difficult to overstate”

 

• “ measuring success against the objective is likely to lead you on the wrong path in all sorts of situations”

 

• “You can’t evolve intelligence in a Petri dish based on measuring intelligence. You can’t build a computer simply through determination and intellect—you need the stepping stones. ”

 

• “ambitious objectives are the interesting ones, and the idea that the best way to achieve them is by ignoring them flies in the face of common intuition and conventional wisdom. More deeply it suggests that something is wrong at the heart of search. ”

 

 

I find their books inspiring and insightful. Reframing questions and providing different lines of attack on AI and Search Optimization to Ambitious Goals …

 

 

 

 

artificial intelligence, natural stupidity.

according to popular legends and urban myths … Amos Tversky is said to have said …

My colleagues, they study artificial intelligence; me, I study natural stupidity.

this, from CoEvolving Innovations which seems like a fascinating resource.

The blog entry there talks about Daniel Kahneman  and Amos Tversky.

The topic is fascinating.  The question of how intelligence and stupidity are related is fascinating.

There’s also a reference to Daniel Kahneman, Paul Slovic, and Amos Tversky book Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases,  that I now feel compelled to investigate

interesting factoid …Kahneman  was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in economic sciences  despite being a psychologist, not an economist.  Which goes to show you … that Forrest Gump’s Mom was right  “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.”